temporary lining

The numerical simulation is carried out to appraise the effect of the structure and stratum in process of removing temporary support and adding second lining support.

并通过数值模拟评价了隧道拆除临时支撑及二衬施作对结构、地层的影响；

The temporary concrete lining guard wall method was used in excavating vertical shaft.

竖井开挖采用了临时混凝士衬砌护壁措施。

Wet shotcrete, including wet steel fiber shotcrete and wet plain shotcrete, has been adopted for the temporary and permanent lining of Qinling Railway Tunnel and good results have been obtained.

秦岭隧道采用了湿式喷混凝土（包括湿喷钢纤维混凝土和湿喷素混凝土）进行初期支护和永永支护，取得了良好的效果。

Analysis of influence of dismantling temporary supports on preliminary lining of large-span shallow tunnel

浅埋大跨度隧道拆撑对初支安全性影响分析

This paper has presented that the different temporary support and permanent lining shall be adopted according to different geological conditions and classification of surrounding rock which should agree with each other so as to be made full use of;

提出了根据不同地质条件、围岩类别采用不同的临时支护和永久衬砌结构，并使之相互协调和配合，充分发挥其作用；